Pathology

Pathology has evolved from a discipline based on descriptive morphology and special stains into a morpho-molecular specialty that integrates protein, nucleic acid and computational readouts with microscopic context.

Cancer is increasingly understood not solely as a genetic disease, but as a pathology shaped by its surrounding microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, extracellular matrix and signaling molecules that support tumor survival, growth, and resistance to therapy.