Paris, France

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OVERVIEW

Hôpital Saint-Louis, founded in 1607, is one of the oldest hospitals in Paris and a cradle of European haematology. Its haematology service, led successively by Jean Bernard, Laurent Degos, and Hervé Dombret, pioneered the treatment of acute leukemia from the early combination chemotherapy programmes of the 1950s and 1960s to the development of all-trans retinoic acid differentiation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia in the late 1980s. The institution’s integration of laboratory research with clinical innovation established a model of translational haematology that influenced European practice for decades.